Planning Beyond Text: Graph-based Reasoning for Complex Narrative Generation¶
Conference: ACL 2026 arXiv: 2604.21253 Code: N/A Area: LLM Efficiency Keywords: Narrative Generation, Graph-Based Reasoning, Event Graph, Character Graph, Multi-Agent Iterative Optimization
TL;DR¶
PLOTTER shifts narrative planning from text representation to graph structure (event graph + character graph), diagnosing and repairing narrative flaws through multi-agent Evaluate-Plan-Revise iterative cycles on graph topology, significantly outperforming existing methods on narrativity, characterization, and dramatic tension.
Method¶
Key Designs¶
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Dual-Graph Narrative Representation: Event graph \(G_e\) with narrative relation labels \(\rho(e) \in \{\text{Causal}, \text{Foreshadowing}, \text{Suspense}\}\); character graph \(G_c\) with multi-dimensional attributes and evolving relationships.
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Multi-Agent Panel + Constrained Graph Editor: Theme Critic → Character Critic → Plot Critic, with cross-agent verification. Symbolic constraints: (1) causal rationality \(\mathcal{K}_C\) — causal subgraph must maintain DAG; (2) narrative completeness \(\mathcal{K}_N\) — all nodes reachable from start to end.
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Graph-Guided Progressive Script Synthesis: Deterministic DFS serialization preserving causal topology, state-aware scene generation.
Key Experimental Results¶
| Dimension | vs LLM-Plan-Write | vs Dramatron | vs DOC |
|---|---|---|---|
| Narrative | 72% | 74% | 92% |
| Characterization | 100% | 76% | 92% |
Three evaluation agents exhibit strong synergy — +29% storyline, +34% script when combined vs individual.
Highlights & Insights¶
- Paradigm shift from text to graph for narrative planning — making causal reasoning, foreshadowing relationships, and character dynamics editable symbolic objects
- DAG and connectivity constraints provide deterministic verification independent of LLM reliability
Rating¶
- Novelty: ⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐
- Experimental Thoroughness: ⭐⭐⭐⭐
- Writing Quality: ⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐
- Value: ⭐⭐⭐⭐